Serum Formulation Analysis

Regarding the serum formulation you provided, here is an analysis:

• Can this formulation be mixed? Yes, the ingredients can be combined. However, without an emulsifier (cream maker), the oil phase (Squalane) and the water phase (DI Water and water-soluble ingredients) will not stay mixed and will separate into layers over time. You would need to shake the product well before each use.

• Can it be made without a cream maker? Yes, it can be made without a cream maker, but as mentioned above, it will result in a separated product.

• Is the oil content too high if a cream maker is not used? A 10% oil phase (Squalane) is a significant amount for a water-based formula without an emulsifier. While Xanthan Gum will thicken the water phase and help suspend some ingredients, it will not prevent the Squalane from separating and forming a distinct layer.

To create a stable, homogenous serum that does not require shaking before use, you would typically need to include an appropriate emulsifier to properly combine the oil and water phases.