Used as a refractory material due to high thermal stability and resistance to thermal shock. Common in furnace linings and high-temperature industrial processes. Acts as a catalyst support in chemical reactions, especially in dehydrogenation and reforming processes. Employed in transparent ceramics for armor windows and missile domes because of its optical clarity and hardness. Also found in electronic substrates and insulating materials owing to its dielectric properties. Additionally, utilized in special lighting systems such as discharge lamps for its resistance to harsh environments and chemical inertness.