Key Active Ingredients in Skin Balancing Pore-Reducing Toner

Based on the ingredient list and the provided information, the key active ingredients in the Skin Balancing Pore-Reducing Toner are:

• Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Known for its ability to reduce wrinkles, improve hyperpigmentation (red and black marks), enhance skin moisture by stimulating collagen and ceramide production, strengthen the skin barrier, and help control oiliness, making it suitable for acne-prone skin. It can also help with dark circles caused by poor blood flow.
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): An important component for skin cell function. It is effective in reducing wrinkles and promoting wound healing by providing energy for skin repair.
• Chamomile Water (Anthemis Nobilis) Flower Extract: Acts as an anti-irritant, helping to soothe and comfort the skin.
• Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters: These are skin-repairing ingredients derived from Jojoba.
• Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein: Provides moisturizing properties and helps protect the skin from irritation.
• Sodium PCA: A natural moisturizing factor (NMF) that helps balance and hydrate the skin, preventing moisture loss and promoting a strong, hydrated skin barrier.
• Panthenol (Pro-Vitamin B5): Functions as a humectant and moisturizer, helping to retain moisture, strengthen the skin barrier, reduce inflammation, redness, and itching, and accelerate wound healing.
• Sodium Hyaluronate: A form of Hyaluronic Acid that helps hydrate the skin.
• Ceramides (Ceramide 3, Ceramide 6 II, Ceramide 1), Phytosphingosine, and Cholesterol: These are lipid-based skin-repairing ingredients that are essential components of the skin barrier. They help restore dry and aging skin, protect against irritants and allergens, and prevent moisture loss.
• Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C): An oil-soluble form of Vitamin C that acts as a potent antioxidant, helps brighten the skin, reduces DNA damage from UV light, and stimulates collagen synthesis.

These ingredients work together to provide hydration, strengthen the skin barrier, reduce irritation, and offer anti-aging and skin-brightening benefits.