Clarity and Appearance of Witch Hazel Toner with PoreNin™, Fullerene C60, and EGCG

The resulting toner will be transparent (clear) in terms of texture, but it will not be colorless.

Based on the characteristics of the ingredients:

• Fullerene C60 (Encapsulated in Hyaluron): This is a dark liquid. Even at a low concentration of 0.2%, it will impart a significant dark tint to the solution.
• PoreNin™ (Tannic Acid) and ActiveRelease™ EGCG: Both are plant-derived polyphenols that naturally produce a yellowish to brownish hue when dissolved in water.
• Witch Hazel: Acts as a clear, water-based solvent.

In summary, your solution will look like a transparent, dark-colored liquid (similar to the appearance of tea or a dark treatment serum).

Technical Recommendations & Compatibility

1. pH Stability: The stability of ActiveRelease™ EGCG is highest within a pH range of 3.5–5.0. Since Witch Hazel naturally has a pH of 3–5, it is an ideal solvent for this formula. Ensure the final pH does not exceed 5.0 to prevent the EGCG from oxidizing and turning pink or brown.
2. Light Sensitivity: Both Fullerene C60 and EGCG are highly sensitive to UV light. You must use opaque packaging (such as amber glass, cobalt blue, or solid white bottles). Exposure to light will cause the actives to degrade and the color of the toner to change.
3. Preservation: While Witch Hazel contains a small amount of preservative, adding 6.2% of active ingredients increases the risk of microbial growth. It is strongly recommended to add a broad-spectrum preservative (e.g., a mild system compatible with acidic pH) to ensure shelf stability.
4. Mixing Procedure:
   • Mix at room temperature (below 40°C).
   • Dissolve the powders (PoreNin™ and ActiveRelease™ EGCG) into the Witch Hazel first.
   • Add the Fullerene C60 liquid in the final step and stir until homogeneous.