Crystallization Risk when Mixing Niacinamide and Witch Hazel

Yes, there is a possibility of crystallization (forming crystal-like structures) when mixing Niacinamide and Witch Hazel, especially if the pH of the final formulation is too low (acidic).

• Reason: Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is stable and highly soluble in water within a pH range of 3-8 (optimally 4-7). However, if the pH drops below 3, Niacinamide can hydrolyze into Nicotinic Acid (Niacin), which is much less soluble in water. Witch Hazel distillate is naturally acidic, typically having a pH between 3 and 5.
• Risk: When Niacinamide is added to Witch Hazel, the resulting mixture's pH might fall below 3, particularly if using a high concentration of Niacinamide or if the Witch Hazel is on the lower end of its pH range. This low pH can cause the conversion of Niacinamide to Nicotinic Acid, leading to the formation of crystals.

Recommendation:

To minimize the risk of crystallization, it is crucial to check and adjust the pH of the final mixture after combining Niacinamide and Witch Hazel. Aim to keep the pH within the optimal range where both ingredients are stable and soluble. A pH between 4.0 and 5.0 would generally be suitable, as it falls within the stable range for Niacinamide and is compatible with the natural pH of Witch Hazel.

Relevant products include various grades of Niacinamide such as Safe-B3™ and Extreme-B3™, and Witch Hazel distillates like Witch Hazel (Distillate - Alcohol Free, Paraben Free) and Witch Hazel (Alcohol Free, Paraben Free) Plus Allantoin.