Crystallization when combining Niacinamide and Witch Hazel

Question

When combining Niacinamide and Witch Hazel, is there a possibility of crystallization occurring, appearing as flower-like crystals? If so, what factors (like concentration or pH) contribute to this issue?

MySkinRecipes Expert · Accepted Answer

Combining Niacinamide and Witch Hazel

When combining Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) with Witch Hazel distillate, there is a possibility of crystallization, especially if the Niacinamide concentration is high (e.g., 10%) and the pH of the final formulation is on the lower side.

Niacinamide is most stable and effective in a pH range of 4.0-7.0, although it is acceptable between 3-8. Witch Hazel distillates typically have a pH between 3.0-5.0. While this falls within the acceptable range for Niacinamide, it is on the acidic side.

At lower pH levels, Niacinamide can potentially convert to nicotinic acid, which can cause skin flushing, or it can lead to crystallization issues, particularly at higher usage rates. The acidic nature of Witch Hazel contributes to a lower overall pH of the formulation.

To minimize the risk of crystallization and ensure stability, consider the following:

Check the final pH: Ensure the pH of your finished product is ideally within the 4.0-7.0 range. You may need to adjust the pH upwards slightly after adding both ingredients.
Niacinamide Concentration: Using Niacinamide at lower concentrations (e.g., 2-5%) might reduce the risk compared to 10%.
Test Stability: Always perform stability testing on your specific formulation to check for crystallization over time and under different temperature conditions.

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