Formulation Questions: Serum Viscosity, Waterproof Sunscreen, Polysorbate 20, and Mixing

Here is a summary of the responses to your questions:

• Viscosity with Light Cream Maker: The thickness of your serum using Light Cream Maker primarily depends on the proportion of Light Cream Maker in the formula. A higher percentage will result in a thicker product, and a lower percentage will result in a thinner product. Other ingredients, especially those with electrolytes, can also indirectly affect viscosity by making the formula thinner.
• Water-resistant physical sunscreen: To achieve water resistance in your physical sunscreen, the staff recommends using Titanium Dioxide 15nm Liquid (Product ID 724). The product page for this ingredient provides an example water-resistant sunscreen formula.
• Polysorbate 20 for emulsifying oil: Polysorbate 20 (Product ID 175) is generally not suitable for emulsifying 5% oil on its own to create a stable cream or lotion. It is recommended to use a dedicated cream maker (such as Light Cream Maker, Product ID 141, or other emulsifiers from the cream maker category) which are designed for this purpose. Polysorbate 20 can be used in conjunction with other emulsifiers to help adjust the overall HLB for stability, but cream makers often function effectively by themselves.
• Using a milk frother: Yes, you can use a milk frother to mix Light Cream Maker. However, as milk frothers may have limited power, it is advisable to mix small quantities at a time, keeping in mind the capacity of your specific frother.