How to Adjust pH Using Acids and Bases

Adjusting pH using acids and bases requires careful steps to achieve the desired value safely. Here are the basic steps:

Steps for pH Adjustment

1. Prepare Equipment: Prepare the solution whose pH needs adjustment, an acid (e.g., Citric Acid, Lactic Acid for cosmetics), a base (e.g., Sodium Hydroxide, Triethanolamine for cosmetics), a pH measuring device (pH meter or pH paper), and personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles).
2. Measure Initial pH: Use a pH meter or pH paper to measure the pH of the solution before adjustment.
3. Prepare Acid or Base Solution: If using concentrated acid or base, always dilute it before use to make pH change control easier.
4. Add Acid or Base Gradually: Slowly add the acid solution (if lowering pH is needed) or the base solution (if increasing pH is needed) to the main solution in very small amounts.
5. Mix Thoroughly: After each addition, mix the solution well to ensure the acid or base is evenly distributed.
6. Measure pH Again: Measure the pH of the solution again after mixing.
7. Repeat: Repeat steps 4-6 until the desired pH is reached.
8. Record: Record the amount of acid or base used and the final pH obtained for future production reference.

Precautions:

• Adding too much acid or base at once can cause the pH to change too rapidly and overshoot the desired value, making it difficult to correct.
• Choose acids and bases appropriate for the application, such as cosmetic, food, or industrial grade that are safe and approved.
• Always wear personal protective equipment when working with chemicals.

These are the basic steps for pH adjustment. If you have further questions or want to know about specific acids/bases, feel free to ask.