Squalene (Water Soluble, 24% Squalene)
- Product Code: 171053
Lipid that mimics human sebum, fills inter-corneocyte lipid spaces and lowers transepidermal water loss
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| Test Name | Specification |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | Transparent viscous liquid |
| Content (capric acid) | 23.0-25.0% |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2ppm |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤10ppm |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤5ppm |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤1ppm |
| Aerobic bacterial count | ≤100CFU/mL |
| Yeast and mold count | ≤10CFU/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, heat-resistant E. coli | Not detected |
Key topical benefits of squalene (naturally occurring triterpene, not the hydrogenated “squalane”)
| Benefit | Mechanistic highlights | Typical effective levels* | Supporting evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Powerful emollient & barrier-reinforcer | • Lipid that mimics human sebum, fills inter-corneocyte lipid spaces and lowers transepidermal water loss (TEWL). • Restores lipid matrix after irritant damage (e.g., SLS). |
0.5 – 5 % in lotions/serums; 10 – 20 % in cleansing oils | Okuda et al. reversed SLS-induced TEWL rise in human & rat skin with topical 2 % squalene pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2024 review summarises barrier-support data across 20 in-vitro/clinical papers pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Antioxidant & photoprotective | • Efficient singlet-oxygen quencher (k ≈ 1 × 108 M⁻¹ s⁻¹), intercepting UV-induced radicals before they hit membrane lipids or DNA. • Limits lipid-peroxide cascade that leads to photo-ageing. |
0.5 – 2 % combined with UV filters or vitamins C/E | UVA generates squalene monohydroperoxides that serve as oxidative-stress markers; intact squalene mitigates their formation when supplied exogenously pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Anti-inflammatory & soothing | • Down-regulates NF-κB and COX-2; decreases IL-6 / PGE₂ in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. • Peroxidised squalene is pro-inflammatory—emphasises need for antioxidant pairing/formulation control. |
0.5 – 1 % in leave-on formulations | Cell-culture work shows native squalene cuts ROS and inflammatory cytokines, while its peroxide triggers the opposite response sciencedirect.compmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Wound-healing & collagen support | • Accelerates fibroblast migration (scratch assay) and restores collagen biosynthesis suppressed by UVA. • Promotes macrophage-mediated tissue repair in vivo. |
0.01 – 0.1 % for cell-culture benefits; 0.5 – 3 % in gels/creams | Human-dermal-fibroblast study: 0.005–0.015 % squalene increased wound closure and rescued collagen expression after UVA mdpi.com |
| Complementary penetration enhancer / delivery lipid | • 30-carbon chain gives low viscosity and high spreadability, improving solubilisation of lipophilic actives without stinging. • Favours nano-emulsion and NLC systems for actives such as retinoids or bakuchiol. |
2 – 15 % in oil phases | Broad cosmetic-dermatology review notes its frequent use in nanostructured lipids for enhanced percutaneous delivery pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
*Formulation ranges gathered from peer-reviewed papers and INCI listings; always verify with stability and safety testing for your specific product.
Formulation notes
-
Oxidation control: Squalene’s six double bonds make it UV-sensitive; combine with UV-stable antioxidants (α-tocopherol, rosemary extract) and package in air-tight, light-protected containers.
-
Squalene vs. squalane: Squalane is the hydrogenated, oxidation-resistant cousin; when stability is paramount (e.g., clear serums), swap part or all of the squalene for squalane and keep the sensory/moisturising profile.
-
Ideal partners: Ceramide NP (barrier synergy), niacinamide (anti-inflammatory + lipid-boost), and low-HLB emulsifiers that minimise peroxidation.
Usage: Use in any recipe
Mixing method: Mix together with water.
Usage rate: 1-20%
Product characteristics: Clear, colorless-light yellow liquid
Solubility: Can dissolve in water.
Storage: Can be stored at room temperature But close the bottle cap tightly. Then completely protected from sunlight or heat. The product has a minimum shelf life of 2 years.
INCI Name: Squalene
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Squalene (Water Soluble, 24% Squalene)
Lipid that mimics human sebum, fills inter-corneocyte lipid spaces and lowers transepidermal water loss
Key topical benefits of squalene (naturally occurring triterpene, not the hydrogenated “squalane”)
| Benefit | Mechanistic highlights | Typical effective levels* | Supporting evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Powerful emollient & barrier-reinforcer | • Lipid that mimics human sebum, fills inter-corneocyte lipid spaces and lowers transepidermal water loss (TEWL). • Restores lipid matrix after irritant damage (e.g., SLS). |
0.5 – 5 % in lotions/serums; 10 – 20 % in cleansing oils | Okuda et al. reversed SLS-induced TEWL rise in human & rat skin with topical 2 % squalene pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2024 review summarises barrier-support data across 20 in-vitro/clinical papers pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Antioxidant & photoprotective | • Efficient singlet-oxygen quencher (k ≈ 1 × 108 M⁻¹ s⁻¹), intercepting UV-induced radicals before they hit membrane lipids or DNA. • Limits lipid-peroxide cascade that leads to photo-ageing. |
0.5 – 2 % combined with UV filters or vitamins C/E | UVA generates squalene monohydroperoxides that serve as oxidative-stress markers; intact squalene mitigates their formation when supplied exogenously pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Anti-inflammatory & soothing | • Down-regulates NF-κB and COX-2; decreases IL-6 / PGE₂ in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. • Peroxidised squalene is pro-inflammatory—emphasises need for antioxidant pairing/formulation control. |
0.5 – 1 % in leave-on formulations | Cell-culture work shows native squalene cuts ROS and inflammatory cytokines, while its peroxide triggers the opposite response sciencedirect.compmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Wound-healing & collagen support | • Accelerates fibroblast migration (scratch assay) and restores collagen biosynthesis suppressed by UVA. • Promotes macrophage-mediated tissue repair in vivo. |
0.01 – 0.1 % for cell-culture benefits; 0.5 – 3 % in gels/creams | Human-dermal-fibroblast study: 0.005–0.015 % squalene increased wound closure and rescued collagen expression after UVA mdpi.com |
| Complementary penetration enhancer / delivery lipid | • 30-carbon chain gives low viscosity and high spreadability, improving solubilisation of lipophilic actives without stinging. • Favours nano-emulsion and NLC systems for actives such as retinoids or bakuchiol. |
2 – 15 % in oil phases | Broad cosmetic-dermatology review notes its frequent use in nanostructured lipids for enhanced percutaneous delivery pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
*Formulation ranges gathered from peer-reviewed papers and INCI listings; always verify with stability and safety testing for your specific product.
Formulation notes
-
Oxidation control: Squalene’s six double bonds make it UV-sensitive; combine with UV-stable antioxidants (α-tocopherol, rosemary extract) and package in air-tight, light-protected containers.
-
Squalene vs. squalane: Squalane is the hydrogenated, oxidation-resistant cousin; when stability is paramount (e.g., clear serums), swap part or all of the squalene for squalane and keep the sensory/moisturising profile.
-
Ideal partners: Ceramide NP (barrier synergy), niacinamide (anti-inflammatory + lipid-boost), and low-HLB emulsifiers that minimise peroxidation.
Usage: Use in any recipe
Mixing method: Mix together with water.
Usage rate: 1-20%
Product characteristics: Clear, colorless-light yellow liquid
Solubility: Can dissolve in water.
Storage: Can be stored at room temperature But close the bottle cap tightly. Then completely protected from sunlight or heat. The product has a minimum shelf life of 2 years.
INCI Name: Squalene
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