Used to measure levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in human biological samples such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. Commonly applied in research settings to study immune regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Helps assess TGF-β1 involvement in autoimmune diseases, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. Widely used in clinical and preclinical studies to evaluate biomarker expression and therapeutic responses.