Used primarily as a cleaning agent for metal surfaces, especially in rust removal due to its ability to chelate iron. Commonly applied in the restoration of antique furniture to remove wood discoloration and bleaching. Employed in beekeeping as a miticide against varroa mites in honeybee colonies. Utilized in the textile industry for dyeing and finishing processes. Also used in some household cleaners for limescale removal, though its toxicity requires careful handling.