Used primarily in the production of phthalate esters, which serve as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other polymers to improve flexibility and durability. These plasticizers are found in a wide range of products including cables, flooring, hoses, and inflatable materials. Also used in the synthesis of dyes, especially anthraquinone dyes, and in the manufacture of alkyd resins for coatings and paints. Smaller applications include use in the preparation of pharmaceutical intermediates and as a building block in organic synthesis.