α1-Antitrypsin is primarily used in the treatment of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a genetic disorder that can lead to lung and liver damage. It works by inhibiting enzymes that break down tissues, particularly in the lungs, thereby slowing the progression of conditions like emphysema. The protein is administered via intravenous infusion to increase the levels of α1-antitrypsin in the blood, providing protective effects against lung tissue degradation. Additionally, it is sometimes used in research to study protease inhibition mechanisms and their role in various diseases. Its application is critical in managing chronic respiratory conditions and improving the quality of life for patients with AATD.