Maytansine is primarily utilized in the field of oncology as a potent cytotoxic agent. It is commonly employed as a payload in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), where it is linked to monoclonal antibodies that target specific cancer cells. This targeted approach allows for the delivery of maytansine directly to tumor cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting microtubule assembly, which disrupts cell division and leads to cancer cell death. Maytansine-based ADCs, such as trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), are approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, demonstrating significant efficacy in clinical settings. Additionally, ongoing research explores its potential in treating other types of cancers through similar targeted delivery systems.