1-Naphthyl isothiocyanate is primarily utilized in biomedical and toxicological research as a model compound to induce hepatotoxicity, including liver inflammation and fibrosis, in animal models such as rats. This makes it a valuable tool for studying liver function, mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury, cellular protection, and repair processes, contributing to insights into liver diseases and the development of new treatments. As an isothiocyanate, it also reacts with primary amines to form stable thiourea derivatives, which can be applied in analytical techniques like chromatography for the detection and quantification of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, it serves as a synthetic intermediate for introducing the isothiocyanate group in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds and other organic molecules relevant to pharmaceutical and chemical industries.