Streptomycin is widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It is a key antibiotic in combating tuberculosis (TB), often administered in combination with other drugs to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of drug resistance. In veterinary medicine, it is employed to treat infections in livestock and poultry. Additionally, streptomycin is utilized in agriculture to control bacterial diseases in crops, such as fire blight in apples and pears. Its role in research includes its use as a selective agent in cell culture to prevent bacterial contamination. Despite its effectiveness, careful monitoring is essential to minimize potential side effects and resistance development.