NBQX is primarily used in neuroscience research as a selective antagonist for AMPA receptors, which are a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. By blocking these receptors, NBQX helps scientists study the role of glutamate in synaptic transmission, neuronal communication, and excitotoxicity. It is particularly valuable in investigating conditions like epilepsy, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases, where excessive glutamate activity can lead to neuronal damage. Additionally, NBQX is utilized in experimental models to understand learning, memory, and other cognitive processes, as AMPA receptors play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. Its application has significantly advanced the understanding of brain function and potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.