Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high refractive index and excellent light-scattering properties. Provides brightness and opacity, making it ideal for architectural paints, industrial coatings, and exterior applications where durability and color retention are important. Commonly found in sunscreens and cosmetics for its ability to block ultraviolet (UV) radiation without irritating the skin. Acts as a physical UV filter, reflecting and scattering UV rays, offering protection against sun damage. Used in the production of photocatalytic materials, especially in self-cleaning surfaces and air purification systems. When exposed to UV light, it promotes the breakdown of organic pollutants and bacteria on surfaces such as glass, tiles, and building facades. Employed in some food products as a coloring agent (E171) to enhance whiteness or brightness, though regulatory scrutiny has led to reduced use in certain regions. Also utilized in the manufacture of ceramics, glass, and welding rod coatings, where it contributes to stability, texture, and performance under high temperatures.