Used as a catalyst in electrochemical applications, particularly in chlorine evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. Commonly applied in dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) for chlor-alkali processes. Also utilized in supercapacitors due to its high pseudocapacitive behavior, enabling efficient energy storage. Employed in resistive switching devices and memory elements for electronics. Applied as a conductive coating in medical electrodes and sensors for improved signal stability. Shows promise in environmental catalysis, such as NOx reduction and volatile organic compound oxidation.