Used in high-intensity discharge lamps to produce intense white light with excellent color rendering, ideal for film and television lighting.

Added to aluminum alloys for aerospace and sports equipment to enhance strength, thermal stability, and weldability.

Employed in solid oxide fuel cells as a stabilizer for zirconia electrolytes, improving ionic conductivity and performance at lower temperatures.

Utilized in specialty ceramics and optical coatings due to its high melting point and refractive index.

Investigated for use in catalysts and advanced electronic materials, including semiconductors and sensors.