Used in high-intensity discharge lamps to produce bright, daylight-like illumination, especially in film projectors and searchlights.

Added to aluminum alloys for aerospace and sports equipment to enhance strength, weldability, and resistance to high temperatures.

Employed in solid oxide fuel cells as a stabilizer for zirconia electrolytes, improving ionic conductivity and performance at lower temperatures.

Utilized in specialty ceramics and optical coatings due to its high thermal stability and refractive index.

Serves as a catalyst in organic reactions, including polymerization and petroleum refining processes.

Used in research and development of advanced electronic materials and semiconductor devices.