Used extensively in the electronics industry as a high-permittivity dielectric material in capacitors, enabling miniaturization and improved performance in devices like smartphones, laptops, and medical equipment. Its stable insulating properties make it suitable for thin-film applications in semiconductors and integrated circuits. Also employed in optical coatings due to its high refractive index, providing anti-reflective and reflective layers in lenses, lasers, and camera systems. Finds use in corrosion-resistant coatings and as a catalyst support in chemical reactions. Investigated for applications in memristors and advanced memory devices due to its ability to form conductive filaments under electric fields.