Used as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), enabling conversion of light into electrical energy through electron injection into semiconductor materials like titanium dioxide. Also employed in photochemical water splitting for hydrogen production due to its ability to absorb visible light and facilitate redox reactions. Commonly used in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications for biosensing and immunoassays because of its stable and efficient light emission upon electrochemical stimulation. Serves as a model compound in photophysical and photochemical research, especially in studies involving electron transfer and excited-state behavior. Its luminescent properties make it useful in light-emitting devices and molecular electronics. Additionally, utilized in luminescent oxygen sensors due to quenching of its emission intensity in the presence of oxygen.