Used in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis, where it helps improve liver function tests and delays disease progression. It acts by promoting bile flow, protecting liver cells from damage, and reducing the toxicity of endogenous bile acids. Also investigated for its potential in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gallstone dissolution. In cellular research, it is applied to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibit apoptosis, particularly in models of liver and neuronal injury.