Widely used as a precursor in sol-gel processes to produce titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings and thin films. These coatings are applied on glass, ceramics, and metals for self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and photocatalytic properties. Employed in the synthesis of nanomaterials due to its ability to hydrolyze and form nanostructured oxides. Used in catalysis, especially in organic transformations such as epoxidation and esterification reactions. Serves as a cross-linking agent in coatings and adhesives to improve thermal and chemical resistance. Applied in the fabrication of sensors and semiconductor devices owing to the electrical and optical properties of derived TiO₂ materials.