Used as an abrasive in grinding and polishing due to its hardness, especially in sandpapers and cutting tools.

Commonly employed as a catalyst support in chemical reactions because of its high surface area and thermal stability.

Serves as a refractory material in linings of furnaces and kilns owing to its ability to withstand high temperatures.

Applied in the production of aluminum metal through the electrolytic process.

Utilized in coatings and thin films for wear resistance and electrical insulation in electronic devices.

Found in biomedical applications such as dental implants and prosthetics due to its biocompatibility and durability.

Also used in filtration processes for water and gas as an adsorbent for contaminants, and in chromatography as a stationary phase for separating polar compounds.