Used in the ceramics industry to enhance strength and high-temperature resistance, such as in the production of refractory containers and electrical insulators. Serves as an abrasive in sandpapers, grinding wheels, cutting tools, and polishing compounds due to its hardness. Acts as a catalyst support in chemical reactions, including in the petrochemical industry. Applied as a protective coating on surfaces to resist wear and corrosion. Plays a role in electronics, such as as an electrical insulator in integrated circuits, circuit boards, and semiconductor materials. Found in medical applications like prosthetics and dental implants for its biocompatibility and durability. Also used in filtration systems to remove moisture and impurities from gases.