Columbamine is a protoberberine alkaloid primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is incorporated into herbal treatments to reduce inflammation, combat bacterial infections, and provide oxidative stress protection. Research has explored its cardiovascular benefits, including blood pressure management and heart health improvement. Additionally, columbamine demonstrates potential in lowering blood sugar levels for diabetes management and inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cells. It continues to be studied in research settings for developing novel therapeutic drugs with enhanced efficacy and safety.