Natural Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol, 1490IU/g) fat-soluble vitamin E concentrate from vegetable oils used as a raw material for dietary supplements, softgels and functional foods where precise α-tocopherol activity per gram is required.

*Doses refer to d-alpha tocopherol equivalents from supplements; product formulations and local regulations differ.

Mechanistic highlights

1. Lipid-phase antioxidant: Scavenges peroxyl radicals in lipid membranes and lipoproteins, interrupting lipid peroxidation chains and helping protect polyunsaturated fatty acids.
2. Interaction with other antioxidants: Works together with vitamin C, glutathione and carotenoids; oxidized tocopheroxyl radicals can be recycled back to the reduced form by co-antioxidants.
3. Membrane and immune effects: Influences membrane fluidity, cell signalling, and selected immune responses; detailed outcomes depend on dose, baseline status and diet.

Safety & practical use

• Usual supplemental range: 100–400 IU/day for adults, taken with meals containing fat for better absorption.
• Upper-dose considerations: Very high long-term doses (≥400 IU/day) have been associated in some analyses with increased bleeding risk and possible all-cause mortality in specific populations; follow local upper-intake limits.
• Drug interactions: Use caution with anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs and in people with vitamin K deficiency or bleeding disorders.
• Populations needing supervision: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, fat-malabsorption syndromes, liver disease and patients on chemotherapy or radiotherapy should use only under medical guidance.