Alafosfalin is an antibacterial agent primarily used in medicine for treating urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, preventing bacterial growth and proliferation. Alafosfalin plays a key role in treating infections resistant to other antibiotics due to its unique mechanism of action, providing an effective alternative when standard treatments fail.