Gambogic acid is primarily studied for its anticancer properties. It induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including those of the lung, liver, breast, and prostate, by targeting multiple signaling pathways. It inhibits the activity of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), leading to the degradation of client proteins involved in tumor growth and survival. It also shows anti-angiogenic effects, meaning it can prevent the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. Research explores its potential in combination therapies with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to enhance efficacy and overcome drug resistance. In addition to oncology, gambogic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, suggesting possible use in treating chronic inflammatory diseases and certain infections. However, its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and toxicity concerns, prompting ongoing research into drug delivery systems like nanoparticles and liposomes to improve its bioavailability and safety profile.