Cucurbitacin C is primarily known for its potent biological activity, especially in the field of cancer research. It has demonstrated strong antiproliferative effects against various cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell cycle progression. Studies show it can suppress signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT and MAPK, which are involved in tumor growth and survival. It is also investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties, where it modulates immune responses by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Due to its ability to interfere with cellular signaling, it serves as a valuable tool in biochemical research for understanding cancer mechanisms and inflammation. In traditional medicine, compounds like cucurbitacin C are linked to the bitter taste of certain plants and are believed to contribute to plant defense. This bioactivity has led to interest in its use as a natural product lead for developing new therapeutic agents, particularly in oncology and immunology. However, its toxicity and low bioavailability remain challenges for direct clinical use.