Sertraline is primarily used as an antidepressant in the treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps improve mood, reduce anxiety, and decrease unwanted thoughts and compulsions.

In clinical practice, it is often prescribed to patients who experience persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, or excessive worry. It is also effective in managing symptoms of OCD, such as repetitive behaviors or intrusive thoughts. For individuals with panic disorder, it helps reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. In PTSD, it alleviates symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and emotional numbness.

Additionally, sertraline is used to treat social anxiety disorder by reducing fear and avoidance of social situations. For PMDD, it helps stabilize mood swings, irritability, and other emotional symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle. It is typically taken orally, once daily, and may take several weeks to show full effects. Dosage is adjusted based on the patient’s response and tolerance.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction, but these often diminish over time. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions and not discontinue use abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Sertraline has been widely studied and is considered a safe and effective treatment for these conditions when used as directed.