Used primarily as an antidepressant, it is effective in treating major depressive disorder by restoring the balance of certain natural substances like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. It is also prescribed for managing chronic pain conditions, including neuropathic pain, due to its ability to alter pain perception. Frequently used off-label for preventing migraines and tension-type headaches. Helps reduce symptoms of insomnia, especially in patients with depression, because of its sedative effects. Applied in the treatment of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety and panic disorder. Sometimes used in low doses to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome. Also utilized in veterinary medicine for similar conditions in animals, particularly in cats and dogs for behavioral issues and pain management.