Agomelatine hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It functions as an antidepressant by modulating melatonin receptors and serotonin receptors, helping to restore circadian rhythms and improve mood. Its unique mechanism of action makes it particularly beneficial for patients who experience sleep disturbances associated with depression. Additionally, it is often chosen for its favorable side effect profile, as it is less likely to cause weight gain or sexual dysfunction compared to some other antidepressants. It is typically administered orally and requires careful monitoring by healthcare providers to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.