Tiagabine is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy, specifically as an adjunctive therapy for managing partial seizures in adults and children aged 12 years and older. It works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits excessive electrical activity in the brain, thereby helping to control and reduce seizure frequency. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential use in treating anxiety disorders and neuropathic pain, although these applications are less common and not as widely established. Its use requires careful monitoring to manage potential side effects, such as dizziness, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances.