S()-γ-Vigabatrin is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly for managing refractory complex partial seizures in adults and infantile spasms in children. It works by inhibiting the enzyme GABA transaminase, which increases the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, thereby reducing seizure activity. This compound is especially valuable in cases where other antiepileptic drugs have proven ineffective. However, its use requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, such as vision loss, which necessitates regular ophthalmologic evaluations. Its application is strictly regulated and typically reserved for specific patient populations under close medical supervision.