Tezacitabine is primarily utilized in the field of oncology as an investigational antineoplastic agent. It functions as a nucleoside analog, which interferes with DNA synthesis, making it particularly effective in targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells. This compound has been studied for its potential in treating various types of cancers, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the replication of cancer cells, thereby slowing or stopping tumor growth. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy both as a standalone treatment and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, research has indicated its potential in overcoming resistance to certain cancer therapies, offering a promising avenue for patients with refractory or relapsed disease. Despite its potential, further studies are required to fully establish its safety profile and optimize dosing regimens for broader clinical application.