Borrelidin is primarily known for its potent antibiotic properties, particularly against Borrelia species, which are responsible for diseases like Lyme disease. It functions by inhibiting threonyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme crucial for protein synthesis in bacteria, thereby halting their growth. Beyond its antibacterial activity, borrelidin has shown significant potential in cancer research. It exhibits anti-angiogenic effects, meaning it can inhibit the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and metastasize. Additionally, borrelidin has been studied for its ability to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in certain cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for anticancer therapies. Research is ongoing to explore its full therapeutic potential and to develop derivatives with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.