Heptamidine dimethanesulfonate is primarily used in the treatment of protozoal infections, particularly those caused by *Trypanosoma* species, which are responsible for diseases like sleeping sickness. Its mechanism involves interfering with the DNA of the parasites, effectively inhibiting their replication and survival. Additionally, it has shown potential in antifungal applications, targeting certain fungal pathogens. In research, it is utilized as a tool compound to study the biology of parasitic infections and to explore new therapeutic strategies. Its use is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, but it remains a valuable option in specific medical contexts.