Widely used as a stable and effective disinfectant and biocide, particularly in water treatment systems. It slowly releases chlorine when dissolved in water, making it ideal for continuous sanitation in swimming pools, industrial cooling towers, and drinking water systems. Its stability under varying pH and temperature conditions allows for long-lasting microbial control with fewer reapplications. Commonly used in healthcare and food processing environments for surface sanitization due to its efficacy against bacteria, viruses, and algae. Also employed in wastewater treatment to reduce pathogen load before discharge. Its solid form makes it easier and safer to handle and transport compared to gaseous or liquid chlorine sources.

Additionally, it is used as a bleaching agent in the paper and textile industries, and in some cases as a starting material in the synthesis of other organic compounds requiring a chlorine functional group. Its stability makes it safer for storage and transport compared to chlorine gas.