Thiacetazone is primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in resource-limited settings. It functions as an antitubercular agent, often combined with other drugs like isoniazid to enhance its efficacy. This combination helps in reducing the bacterial load and controlling the spread of the disease. However, its use has declined in recent years due to the availability of more effective and safer alternatives, as well as concerns over adverse effects, including severe skin reactions and hypersensitivity. In some regions, it is still employed as a second-line treatment when first-line drugs are unsuitable or unavailable. Additionally, Thiacetazone has shown some activity against Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium responsible for leprosy, though its application in this area is limited. Its role in modern medicine continues to diminish as newer therapies with better safety profiles become more accessible.