Lumicitabine is primarily investigated for its antiviral properties, particularly in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It functions as a nucleoside analog, inhibiting viral replication by interfering with the RNA synthesis process. Clinical studies have explored its efficacy in reducing viral load and improving symptoms in patients with RSV, including vulnerable populations such as infants and the elderly. Its potential as an oral medication offers a convenient treatment option compared to existing therapies, which often require hospitalization or invasive administration. Research continues to evaluate its safety, dosing, and effectiveness in broader patient groups.