Setmelanotide is primarily used in the treatment of specific genetic disorders related to obesity. It is particularly effective for patients with pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency, leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency, or Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The medication works by activating melanocortin-4 receptors in the brain, which helps regulate hunger, energy expenditure, and body weight. This leads to reduced appetite and significant weight loss in affected individuals. It is administered as a subcutaneous injection and is often prescribed when other weight management strategies have failed. Setmelanotide offers a targeted approach for these rare conditions, improving quality of life and addressing the underlying causes of obesity in these patients.