MtbHU-IN-1 is primarily investigated for its potential application in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. It functions as an inhibitor targeting the histone-like protein HU in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is crucial for bacterial DNA organization and replication. By disrupting this protein, it hinders the survival and proliferation of the TB bacterium. Its development is significant in addressing drug-resistant strains of TB, offering a novel approach to combat this persistent global health challenge. Research is ongoing to optimize its efficacy and safety for therapeutic use.