Carbonate buffered saline (5X, pH 9.0) is used in biological and medical research for maintaining alkaline pH stability in cell cultures and biochemical assays. It is essential for experiments requiring controlled alkaline conditions, such as cell viability studies, enzyme activity assays (e.g., alkaline phosphatase), and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, it is employed in diagnostic procedures, including ELISA and flow cytometry, to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Its buffering capacity helps prevent pH fluctuations that could compromise experimental outcomes or cell health.