tert-Butyl (R)-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate is a chiral protected amino ketone used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, particularly beta-lactams found in antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. The ketone functionality enables reactions like imine formation or enolization for cyclization to beta-lactam rings, while the Boc-protected amine allows selective deprotection and further elaboration. It is also employed in asymmetric synthesis of biologically active compounds, including protease inhibitors, where stereocontrol is essential. The Boc group provides stability under basic conditions and is readily removed with acid, facilitating multi-step syntheses of peptides and peptidomimetics.