Used primarily as a growth medium for cyanobacteria and green algae, especially in research and biotechnology applications. Supports photosynthetic growth by providing essential nutrients, trace metals, and buffering capacity. Commonly used in studies involving photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, biofuel production, and genetic manipulation of microalgae. Also utilized in environmental studies to assess nutrient uptake and stress responses under controlled conditions. Can be prepared in liquid or agar form, suitable for both batch and continuous cultures.