3-Hydroxydecanoic acid is primarily used in the production of biodegradable plastics, particularly polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These plastics are valued for their eco-friendly properties, as they can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment, reducing plastic waste. It also finds application in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and intermediates for pharmaceuticals, where its unique structure contributes to the development of bioactive compounds. Additionally, it is utilized in research studies related to microbial metabolism and the biosynthesis of complex molecules.