Used primarily as a ligand in coordination chemistry, forming stable complexes with various metal ions. These complexes find applications in catalysis, especially in reactions involving electron transfer processes. Also employed in the development of electrochemical sensors due to its ability to facilitate redox reactions. Plays a role in the synthesis of functional materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and supramolecular assemblies. Its structural rigidity and chelating properties make it valuable in designing catalysts for organic transformations and in studies of photophysical behavior of metal complexes.